And Outlook Their Oil-And-Gas-Bearing Capacities Leningrad Mineral Resources The Leningrad Compartment 1987 All-Union Awards of a Labor Red
Banner
Oil Research and Development (Scientific
Research)
Exploration Institute
The Kurile-Kamchatsky trough has young
(late Eocene)
age also , although not excluded, is Oligocene and younger (early
Eocene) age.
Probably, later formation of
Kurile-Kamchatsk and
Aleuts trough puts a severe problem before mobilize, as in Paleogene
and
the significant part of Miocene, probably, was not trough and zones of
subduction capable to countervail spreading Tikhookeansk bed.
Drozdovskij
and Tjushevskij flysh bending flexures not because they were not
deep-water,
not subducted (continued cut-away), were curbed on east by upheavals.
In a completing phase of a geosynclinal
mode in
Etolonsk-Ermanovsk time Koryak bow system has entered epoch formation,
and in the Kamchatka system proceed communal upheaval, reduced
floor
area of the inherited bending flexures both growth of amount and floor
space of superimposed depressions and bending flexures. However
differential
and contrast of moves did not achieve a high level supplying
sedimentation
within the peninsula limits. Begins essentially to have an
effect-influencing
basis of erosion instituted by a Okhotsk and Bering seas levels. The
seas
act as a terrigenous material trap, and its suppliers - large
rivers
by virtue of heavy gradients and deficiency of onsite depressions -
traps
bear a sea material and partially disperse it on multiple water
currents.
In the Sakhalin system the
communal, inverse
as well as on Kamchatka, was exhibited also at the end of Middle
Miocene,
hardly earlier in west (upper Dujskaya is carboniferous coal-bearing,
coal-measures
molasse), a little bit later in east and northeast (under
molasse)
-- Schmidt. The upheaval of an island was tracked by heavy-lift
buckling
fringe of system. On boundary with a massive "Okhotiya" the pattern of
a rear bending flexure was here again formed.
In late Miocene and Pliocene, mainly, the marine Yaponomorsk-Tatar basin Here was generated, as well as in the Kamchatka system, the large sedimentary traps have appeared in water areas environmental an island, where the thick bottom molasse exceeds many kilometers. The folding terminating geosynclinal progressing late Cenozoic was exhibited, apparently, at the end of middle Pliocene. In post Eocene time and Quaternary period,
Kamchatka
and Sakhalin bow systems were developed in conditions of an orogenic
mode
concept I "orogenic" and "continental" are not identical.
It is necessary to refer marine sediments
collecting
in marginal parts of systems, to marine upper molasse, formed in
conditions
of active upheaval and formation of continental blocks of Kamchatka and
Sakhalin. Within the limits of a land of a stratum continental molasse
are reshaped in depressions of two types.
The first type encompasses areas of
upbuilding of
gravel sediments in apron plains of the rivers. The serials of the
pulled
together sedimentary apron plains separated by small watersheds form
more
area of sedimentation. The thickness of formations in such depressions
is significant - up to 50 m.
The second type of sedimentary depressions
aggregates
basins and bending flexures with the close set overlying strata, well
advanced
on the significant floor space of deposits. As a rule, it is basins
developed
the thickest molasse is inherited with geosynclinal stage 300 m.
Volcanics
of the Central field here reaches 100m - is located basically on the
floor
space of the median -Kamchatka massive and has basalt structure. East
volcanic
field distinguishes the significant contents of acid rocks, explosive
nature
volcanics.
3.2.1. Anadyr basin
Anadyr oil-and-gas-bearing basin occupies on land of lower Anadyr lowland. In the administrative regard, this territory is referred to Anadyr and Bering areas. P.137
Figure 3.1, Anadyr Basin a Tectonic
schema;
- b stratigraphy and formation structure
of a jacket.
1 - exits of folded basement on surface; 2
- igneous
formations of Mesozoic age; 3, 4 - boundary: 8 - basins, 4 - large
structural
members inside of basin; 5 - iso-height of a base surface of a
sedimentary
jacket, km; 6 - tectonic disturbances; 7 - patterns taking place in
boring
and prepared for boring (1 - West Lake, 2 -Yagel'naya, 3 - Izmennaya, 4
- Rotary, 5 -Mejninuksk, 6 -Izmajlovsk, 7 - East - lake); 8 - revealed
patterns; 9 - field: ? - oil, - gas, gas condensate; 10 - appearance in
wells: and - oil, - gas, in - gas condensate.
Structural members inside of basin. 1 -
Krasnoozersk
basin; II-VII - bending flexures: II - Kanchalansk - Onemensk, III -
Predrarytkinsky,
IV - Central, V - Majnitsk, VI - Limansk, VII - Lagoon; VIII-XII -
upheaval:
VIII - Kargonajsk, IX - Dionisiya, X - Ozerninsk, XI - Chirynajsk, XII
- Tymninsko -Tumansk; PT Povorotno - Telekajskaya zone of anticlinal
patterns.
Fields.1 -VerhneEchinsk; 2 - Verhnetelekajsk. Chukotsky, is an autonomous district of
the Magadan
area. The basin represents an intermountain a basin, in western
continental
part overlapped on the dislocated Jurassic-chalk basis. From the south,
the basin is bounded to Koryak anticlinorium, from west - Rarytkinsk,
from
north - patterns of Chukotsky bow system (fig. 3.1).
On land, the basin is traced west-to-east
on 200-225
kms, from north on the south on 200 kms. Its floor space 26,4 thousand
km2. Flow arguments of a basin results in tab. 3.1.
On territory of a basin the works of KMPV
were conducted
a gravimetric and aeromagnetic filming, with the purpose of areal
learning
of a relief surface of the foundation and its interior constitution.
Abroad
between a physical jacket and physical foundation the refracting
boundary
F, put together with a roof lower of chalk depositions was accepted
structural
boring has shown impossibility of stratigraphic identifying of boundary
"F", and in 1967 these works ceased.
p. 138
THE TABLE 3.1
The basic arguments of Anadyr and
Penzhinsk basins
The boring has shown impossibility of stratigraphic identifying of boundary "F", and in 1967, these works were ceased. The experienced works of MOV were delivered in 1960. In 1964, this method is basic for areal studies and for opening-up of patterns for boring. The method is effective enough up to depths 2,0-2,5 kms. The studies of MOV learned well the Neogene complex, Paleogene terrigenous is worse - and practically is nothing learned by Paleogene effusives and chalk. In 1960s and beginning 1970 years, the basic works were ordered in the central basin part, and then were displaced to western part and on the south. In 1980s, all works were concentrated in the south basin, in the Majnitsk bending flexure. Since 1981, seismographic of work are
executed under
the method of application of OGT and partially NP of OGT. MOGT has
revealed
discrepancies in the earlier held constructing on horizons in middle -
bottom Eocene, Paleogene and chalk depositions the local patterns of
the
south and central part of Anadyr basin were refresher courses in deep
drilling.
Gravity network of MOGT was prepared in 1981-1986. Patterns achieves
four
kms / km2. The Electro-trial of works on territory south of Anadyr
basin
was conducted in 1977 and 1982-1985.
p 139
Within the limits of land, Anadyr basin is
drilled
one important hole (depth 2,550m), 15 structural (mean depth 1058 m),
18
parametric (mean depth 2527m) and 12 exploration wells (mean depth 2200
m).
Core drilling was conducted in 1962-1966,
1970-1975
and 1982, in the central part of Anadyr basin for binding profiles of
KMPV
and MOV, and parametric - in 1969-1980.
Also, encompassed territory of the central
and southern
parts of Anadyr basin (one skv. R-19 is drilled on Vahrushkinsk area,
in
its northern part).
Prospect drilling is carried out since
1980 and
Telekaisky zone (southern part of the basin) is wholly massed on
patterns
of Povorotno- Telekaisky. Depths of wells varied from 1602 to
3007m.
The foundation for friable chalk -
Cenozoic depositions
- are complex dislocated Mesozoic and, probably, Paleozoic formations
observed
on upheavals, framing the Anadyr basin. The heterogeneous nature of its
constitution is supposed.
In the south of this basin the foundation
are the
bowed formations of Jurassic-chalk rocks, in north - igneous
depositions
chalk.
The most ancient formations of the
foundation open
wells (East - Lake area), are by tufaceous sandstones with hardpans of
tuff both tuffite and overlying strata of andesite-basalts basal- chalk
[13, 60]. In seismic survey of MOGT, these depositions are allocated on
East - Lake and West - Lake upheavals on depths 1,3 - 1,7 kms. In
boundary
with these upheavals bending flexures these horizons occurrence are
deeper
5-6 kms. On a survey profile of MTZ held through Majnitsk bending
flexure
in its middle part, the availability of friable depositions up to depth
of 10 kms is supposed.
The stratigraphic schema of depositions
jacketing
Anadyr basin repeatedly vary. We adhere to alternative proposed by D.
I.
Agapitovym in 1982. In a jacket the following suites (from below
upslope)
are allocated: Amochinsk and Rarytkinsk (K2) by drilling
discovery
a thickness up to 2400m; Tanjurersk (Pal 1-Pal 2) - up to 2041m; mouth
- Chirynajsk (Pal 2) 0-527m; Majnitsk (Pal 2-3) 0-2200m; Sobol'kovsk (N11)
- up to 1450m; Gagarinsk strata (N11) up to
1447m;
Avtatkul'sk (N12)58-285m; Eliseevsk (N12)
70-330m; Ozerninsk (N1 2-3) -151-587m, Echinsk
suite
and Aleksandrovsk stratum (N13 - N2) - 277 - 780 m
(fig.
3.1).
Thus, the total thickness of the sedimentary jacket changes from five up to 13 kms. However its substantial thickness, in many respects depending from an extent of fluid wash of this or that suite, compounds from 1,3 kms on East - Lake upheaval located in the central part of a hollow, up to 7 - 8 kms in Majnitsk bending flexure. In a sedimentary jacket, three complexes divided by unconformity surfaces are allocated. The bottom complex includes terrigenous
depositions
upper chalk (late Cenonian - Danish), sediments on igneous lower chalk
depositions with an unconformable dip.
p.140
The thickness demonstrated by boring the
complex
exceeds 1 km, on the data of MTZ in the central part of Majnitsk
bending
flexure it can achieve three kms.
The mean complex includes igneous
formations of
Tanjurersk suite and terrigenous - Ust'- Chirynajsk and Majnitsk of
suites.
Complex thickness (1,5 - 3,0 kms) and its structure are changeable. The
igneous depositions of Tanjurersk suite are advanced only in north of
Anadyr
basin and edge away to the south. The terrigenous depositions Ust'-
Chirynajsk
and Majnitsk suites are advanced in the central and southern parts and
edge away to north and east.
Upper complex occurrence is by fluid wash
on deposition
over the middle and bottom of various suites. This complex comprise
itself
Miocene, Pliocene and Quaternary depositions. As a whole, the upper
sedimentary
complex is more sustained on thickness, than lay below. Nevertheless,
the
thickness of its separate parts is inflected by significant limits. The
bottom depositions - Middle Miocene (Sobol'kovsk, Gagarinsk,
Avtatkul'sk)
are absent in north of Anadyr basin. And, on a large part of other
territory
of their thickness compound 200 - 300m, growing more than in 10 times
in
Majnitsk and, probably, in the Central bending flexures.
The formations mid-upper Miocene
(Eliseevsk and
Ozerninsk of suite) are abundant everywhere within the limits the
basin.
Their maximum thickness of 750 - 832m are
marked
in Majnitsk bending flexure and on East - Lake Upheaval. The
depositions
of upper Miocene and Pliocene Quaternary (Echinsk and Aleksandrovsk of
suite) are advanced everywhere, their mean thickness is 500 -
600m.
Anadyr basin is anisometric (single ended)
patterns
with - steeper southern bead and flat by northern. In its constitution
the following patterns II about are allocated (west-to-east):
Krasnoozersk,
Kanchalansk -Onemensk, Predrarytkinsk, Central, Limansk, Majnitsk, and
"Lagoon" bending flexures;
Kargonajsk, Dionisiya, Chirynajsk, Ozerninsk, Tymninsk-Tumansk upheaval. The form of these patterns is largely
supervised
by patterns of the foundation. Practically all of them are located on
embedded
under formations of jacket continuations of large patterns of a frame.
The upheaval of Dionisiya is continuation Zolotogorsk anticlinal,
Kargonajsk
- Rarytkinsk -- anticlinal. Chirynajsk and Ozerninsk upheaval are
located
on submergence of Tamvatnejsk anticlinoria. Predrarytkinsk and Majnitsk
bending flexures are located on submergence accordingly Velikorechensk
and Kerkerveemsk of sinclinoria.
These patterns are subdivided into more
small-sized.
So, in the most learnt pattern II about - Majnitsk bending flexure are
allocated with Majnitsk, Oleninsk and Flowing Mul'dy and sectioning
them
Povorotno - Telekajsk zone of anticlinal patterns
p. 141
In Predrarytkinsk bending flexure -
Podgornensky
both Velikorechensk Mul'dy and sectioning them Ust'- Chirynajsk
upheaval.
The local patterns of mapped horizon are
affirmed
by a reflection seismic by MOGT and 14 by boring. They are abundant on
the floor space non-uniformly; their basic part is massed on Ozerninsk
upheaval and in Povorotno-Telekajsk zone. The floor space of local
patterns
changes from 3-7km2 up to 75 km2, but mainly from 17 up to 38 km2.
Angle
of leans of wings from 4-5o up to 30-33o. The
amplitude
of patterns is from 50-60m up to 800m, more commonly 100-200m.
Patterns of cartography on horizons in
depositions
mid-upper Miocene and less often than lower Miocene, Oligocene, upper
chalk.
For "beskornevyh" patterns south of Povorotno-Telekajsk zone introduced
a two-dome of brachia-anticlinal folds (upper Echinsk, upper
Telekajsk).
The amplitudes, offset of the set of rules to north and north-west,
decay
with depth of explosive disturbances are characteristic decrease with
depth
of the floor space, angle of leans of wings. Northeast part of
Povorotno
- Telekajsk of zone is formed by linear anticlinal folds (Mejninuksk,
Povorotno,
Izmennaya) Subshirotno and width of a direction of strata. Along of set
of rules of such patterns, there passes a system of over thrusts by
amplitude
from several tens meters up to 1.1 kms, on which one north Apadna and
northern
the parts of patterns are pulled on southern for elongated folds. The
magnification
with depth of their floor spaces and amplitudes is characteristic; the
angle of leans of wings compound 25-35o. Upslope on a
cut-away
of pattern; observed their set of rules is offset to a southwest.
In Neogene depositions by strata of fluid
deposition,
report arenaceous sandstones and siltstones of bottom of Echinsk suite
(Lignitova member) and Eliseevsk suite. Good collective properties have
the sandstones waterborne both Avtatkul'sk suites and Gagarinsk stratum
[Ivanov V.V. et al, 1975].
In Paleogene depositions of fluid are the
argillaceous
sediments lower Majnitsk horizon, headers - sandstones both siltstones
upper Majnitsk and middle Majnitsk horizon and Ust'- Chirynajsk suite.
The latter is observed only in the central part of the basin.
The upper chalk depositions opened in
individual
wells, and in rather minor amounts, that does not produce an
opportunity
with sufficient completeness to characterize their collective property.
They are introduced as inter-layering of sandstones, siltstones,
mudstones
and coal, among which one the sandstones and siltstones with
satisfactory
collective by properties are sometimes observed.
The indication of oils and gas are
observed on all
cut-away Mesozoic-Cenozoic, observed by wells. Industrial oil inflows
are
received from a 25m bench of sandstone (depths 1400 - 1500m),
Avtatkul'sk,
taking place in top of oil horizon, of suite Upper Echinsk field. The
oil
flowrate achieves 26m3/day (on choke diameter of 10 mm). On nearby
patterns
(Upper Telekajsk) these depositions are also oil and gas bearing, but
not
in commercial quantities.
Four benches of sandstone from Sobol'kovsk
of suite
at rate of 177 m3/day are industrially oil-bearing (oil
producing).
The commercial inflow of gas and gas condensate are received from a 100--m bench of calcareous sandstone of a roof of Sobol'kovsk of suite (from depths 1700 - 1800m) Upper Telekajsk of gas condensate field. At trial in a string the gas by a rate of yield up to 136.57 thousand-m3/day and gas condensate by a maximum rate of yield, 7.8 m3/day (choke diameter of 10 mm) is received. From the basis of a bench, the inflow of local water is received. Significant inflow of gas (4-20 thousand m3/day) was observed from a bench of arenaceous sandstone - Echinsk suite - and from an inter-layering of sandstones and siltstones in top of oil horizon lacustrine of suite upper Echinsk pattern. The inflow of gas is received by a rate of yield of 19 thousand m3/day (on choke diameter 9 mm) from depositions of Gagarinsk stratum from depths 900-1140m upper Telekajsk pattern. Minute oil inflows and significant inflow of gas (up to 100 thousand m3/day) were observed from sandstones in top of oil horizon and in a base surface upper Majnitsk horizon on Sobol'kovsk, Rotary and Juchinsk patterns (from depth 1600-2400 m). The oil inflows and gas condensate from middle Majnitsk horizon on Izmennoj pattern have compounded 400 m3/day (from depths 2034-2810 m). Minute oil inflows (about 0,8 m3/day) are received from a member of an inter-layering of siltstones and sandstones of Rarytkinsk suite upper chalk on West - Lake pattern (from depth 2253-2270 m). Underground waters of chalk depositions
lightly
cemented, with mineralizing 1,2-8,0 g/l, sodium hydrocarbonate of a
type,
hydrocarbonic - sodium chloride and hydrocarbonaceous sodic of
structure.
Underground waters of Paleogene
depositions, opened
by wells, located near to coast, were saline, with mineralizing 18 - 20
g/l, calcium chloride type, and sodium chloride structure. At center of
the basin, on Sobol'kovsk floor space, on depths 2700-2980 m opened of
water with mineralizing 5,0 - 8,8 g/l, sodium hydro carbonate type.
Further
to the south, on the Rotary area, the mineralizing of underground
waters
is again augmented, reaching 17.55 g/l, water calcium chloride of a
type.
The contents of chloride of calcium in them achieves 55 % -ekv.
The underground waters of Miocene
depositions are
very miscellaneous both on mineralizing, and on chemical composition.
Waters
open up at shallow depths (up to 1 km), are infill transitional to
marine.
Their mineralizing reaches 30 g/l, contents of micro-reductants
heightened
(iodine up to 51, bromine up to 64,2 mg/l), Water calcium chloride
type,
chloride of magnesium, alkaline-sodium and chloride calcium-sodium
structure.
For more deep levels in Neogene depositions, the water is less
mineralized
(up to 12 g/l) calcium chloride type. To oil and oil/gas to containing
benches of Miocene are dated calcium chloride waters such as with
mineralizing
from 2 (VerhneEchinsk field) up to 12 g/l (Verhnetelekajsk).
Gas structure of underground waters up to
depths
of 1-km nitric-hydrocarbon and hydrocarbon (methane). More deeply, 1
km,
in zone stagnant water of an interchange, occurs TUV. With depth, their
quantity is augmented, and Nitrogen content in gas is moderated.
On the data V. V. Ivanov and V. E. Glotov
[1982],
the sweet waters dive into mineral resources of Anadyr basin up to
depths
0.3 – 0.4 kms. The zone of slowed water interchange encompasses upper
Miocene
of deposition and 1.5 kms reach depths 1.2-1.5 km. The zone of rather
slow
water interchange encompasses upper-middle Eocene, Eocene-Oligocene and
Cenonian complexes. This zone occupies depths of more than 1.5 kms. It
is also characterized by conditions favorable for conservation of
ancient
sedimentary waters.
In a cross section jacket of the Anadyr
basin, three
floors of oil/gas generation are allocated: upper (Miocene), mean
(Eocene-Oligocene)
and bottom (upper chalk).
The upper floor includes depositions of
Miocene,
partially Pliocene, and is observed on all territory of the basin. In
its
limits, is allocated a little under the floor. From depositions
lacustrine
and Echinsk suites (upper under the floor) the significant inflow of
gas
on patterns of Povorotno-Telekajsk zone of upheavals, Ozerninsk
upheaval
and in column wells sparse on all territory basin are received. Mean
under
a floor encompasses depositions of Avtatkul'sk suite (bottom -
mid-Miocene),
oil-and-gas bearing on patterns of Povorotno-Telekajsk zone, Ozerninsk
and Chirynajsk upheavals.
Two bottoms under a floor encompass depositions (bottom Miocene) and Sobol'kovsk of suites (bottom Miocene), oil-and-gas bearing on patterns of Povorotno-Telekajsk of zone and is perspective oil-and-gas bearing on all territory of Majnitsk of a bending flexure. The mean floor includes depositions of top of Majnitsk suite (Eocene-Oligocene), oil-and-gas bearing on south territory of the basin. The large inflow of gas, oil inflows and gas condensate are received on patterns of Povorotno - Telekajsk of zone and Central bending flexure. The bottom oil-and-gas-bearing floor includes the upper chalk depositions opened only in the central basin part on patterns of Ozerninsk upheaval. The oil inflows here are received only from one well (P-15) on West - Lake Upheaval. In Anadyrsk basin of operated oilfields and the gas is not present. However, per the last years are opened by VerhneEchinsk oil and Verhnetelekajsk of oil/gas-condensate field. The basic types of traps are arched and tectonic screened. Valuing the nature of a cross section, it is possible to expect discovery of lithologic and stratigraphic traps. All wells with significant oil inflows, gas condensate and gas, are located in the set of rules of patterns (Upper Echinsk skv. 9, 13, 16; upper Telekajsk skv. 1, 2); near to large explosive disturbances (Izmennaya skv. 11, Rotary skv. 26), in under oncoming to zone (Rotary skv. 25). p. 144
3.2.2. Penzhinsk basin
The basin occupies depressions r.
Penzhinsk and
mean current r. Anadyr. The southern part of basin administratively
enters
the Kamchatka area, northern - Magadan. Penzhinsk basin is introduced
an
intermountain by a bending flexure of the same name. Length of basin up
to 525, width, 55-90 km; the floor space 25,2 thousand km2. In
northwest
and north, it borders on Murgal'sk by upheaval, on southeast - with
Talovsko-Majnskim.
In southwestern direction, the basin is traced up to Penzhinsk lip
(fig.
3.2). The tectonic arguments are given in tab. 3.1.
The constitution of basin is poorly known.
On territory
the Electro-trial of works (MTZ and VjuZ) and seven profiles of KMPV
communal
stretch more than 350 km are held average staff geologic, gravimetric
and
magnetic filming, in the south of a bending flexure: In north bending
flexure,
in southeast part of Markovsk basin in 1976-1980. The reflection
seismic
is implemented. In total is held 1980 km of profiles (for Markovsk of a
hollow gravity of seismic-profile 0,3 km/km2). In 1980-1981, In
Markovsk
basin the parametric well (Grinevetsk 40) depth 2645 m is
drilled.
Now in basin, the explorations are not conducted.
The foundation of basin are difficulty
discuss of
deposition Valanshin-Goterivsk age in northeast part of bending flexure
and alt-Albian - in southwestern. The maximum occurrence depth of the
foundation
(on gravimetric data) compounds more than 6 kms for a northeast part of
basin (Markovsk basin) and 3-4 kms for southwestern (Chernorechensk,
Kondyrevsk,
Ust' - Penzhinsk basin). On the data of Electro seismic survey of KMPV
of an occurrence depth of the foundation, compound 2.5-3.0 kms for
southwestern
areas of basin. On upheavals sectioning hollow, the foundation is on
depths
in some hundreds meters.
The jacket of basin is folded upper chalk
depositions
and insignificant smaller extent of Cenozoic. Upper Albian-Cenonian
deposition
is introduced formations bottom molasse group and differs by a variety
of structures (from marine up to paralicheskih carbonic and
continental).
Their cross section thickness' of a frame changes from 1.5 in
southwest)
to 5.8 kms (in northeast), considerably varying at the expense of
truncations
in sedimentation and fluid washes, especially between Turonian and
Cenonian
formations (fig. 3.2).
p. l45
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