Russian oil at
a glance
The latest financials and operating
performance
ratings for LUKoil, YUKOS, Sibneft, Surgutneftgaz and Tatneft.
LUKOIL
Operating performance Production soared 17
percent last
year to 1.24 million barrels per day (bpd) due to the inclusion of
Komitek
and three fully controlled joint ventures into consolidated production
reporting. Including all Russian joint ventures and subsidiaries,
production
was up 2.8 percent at 1.56 million bpd.
Organic growth was low at 1 percent due to the
stagnant
production in the company’s core western Siberia region, which
currently
accounts for 72 percent of total production (the region produced 83
percent
in 1999). So far, the Komitek acquisition appears to be paying off –
production
at the three Timan-Pechora subsidiaries (Komitek, Nobel Oil, Bitran)
was
up 5.7 percent last year and accounted for 9.2 percent of LUKoil’s
total
output.
Production at international projects continues
to increase
at a rapid pace (39 percent last year). Major growth was recorded at
the
Azeri-Chirag-Guneshli (the Azerbaijani part of the Caspian) and Tengiz
(Kazakstan) oil projects.
Crude oil exports fell 2.6 percent to 594,000 bpd
and
amounted to 38 percent of production, putting LUKoil more or less in
line
with the sector average. Product exports, however, jumped 37 percent to
174,000 bpd.
Financial performance
For 2000, we estimate that LUKoil will report a
129 percent
increase in net income and a 118 percent increase in earnings before
interest,
taxation, depreciation and good will amortization (EBITDA) on a 75
percent
revenue increase.
First half of 2000 U.S. GAAP accounts published
last
December indicated a rather strong performance from LUKoil, driven
primarily
by oil prices and recent acquisitions.
Revenues rose 116 percent in the first half of
2000 versus
a 63 percent increase in production costs and a 70 percent rise in
total
operating expenses. As a result, the operating margin jumped from 11
percent
to 30 percent.
The balance sheet appears healthy, with an
estimated $2.8
billion in total debt, $1.2 billion in cash and equivalents and equity
of $9.8 billion.
YUKOS
Operating performance Production rose 11.5
percent last
year to 992,000 bpd, the best record in the sector and an astonishing
performance
given Yukos size. This growth was mainly driven by rapid output growth
at the Priobskoye oilfield, as well as by increased utilization of new
recovery technologies in the older fields.
Crude oil exports soared 23 percent to 438,000
bpd. The
export/production ratio increased from 40 percent to 44 percent, the
highest
in the sector. Clearly this high share of exports in a period of record
oil prices had an extremely beneficial impact on the bottom line.
Volumes refined at the company’s four principal
refineries
– Achinsk, Samara, Syzran and Novokuybishev – fell 15 percent to
434,000
bpd as Yukos re-routed some deliveries to Angarsk refinery in eastern
Siberia,
with which it signed a strategic partnership agreement in March 2000.
Financial performance
We estimate that Yukos revenue grew 73 percent in
2000
to $7.7 billion due to a combination of growing volumes, higher prices
and increased exports. The company’s EBITDA margin will probably have
remained
unchanged at 44 percent. Yukos boasts the highest EBITDA and operating
margins among the U.S. GAAP reporting oil companies in Russia, which we
attribute to large-scale optimization of operating taxes.
In 2001, continued above-average volume growth
should
cushion Yukos from falling export prices. We estimate that revenue will
fall only 2 percent year on year to $7.5 billion but forecast the
EBITDA
to fall by 12 percent, as rising costs will lead to declining margins.
The balance sheet improved dramatically in 2000
as Yukos
moved from a net debt of $310 million to an estimated net cash position
of $1 billion at year-end.
Despite generating an estimated $2.4 billion
in operating
cash flow last year, Yukos’ CAPEX amounted to only $500 million. Note
that
after subtracting a $1.3 billion improvement to the balance sheet,
described
above, we still could not allocate $600 million. Company executives
cited
long-term supplier advances and various investments (Eastern Siberian
Oil
Company being one) as the uses of extra cash flow.
SIBNEFT
Operating performance Production rose 5.4 percent
in
2000 to 344,000 bpd, the first year of rising production in a decade.
Production
at the Sugmut field rose 45 percent to 48,000 bpd.
Sibneft exported 32 percent of its oil
production and
21 percent of refined product output last year, largely unchanged from
1999 levels. Refinery throughput was unchanged at 250,000 bpd. Light
products
amounted to 80 percent of output, which is by far the highest
percentage
of any major refinery in Russia and is a further improvement from the
78
percent achieved in 1999.
Sibneft acquired a 40 percent stake in
Orenburgneft last
year for $250 million to $300 million. We expect this equity to be used
as a bargaining chip to increase the utilization of Omsk refinery (64
percent
at present) by securing additional oil supplies from TNK,
Orenburgneft’s
majority shareholder; but it is also possible that management may
either
sell the stake or insist on a joint operation with TNK.
Sibneft has also formed a 50/50 joint venture
with Sibir
to develop the southern part of the Priobskoye field.
Financial performance
Sibneft skipped publication of semi-annual US
GAAP numbers
last year over a dispute with its auditor. On a full-year basis, we
expect
the company to report 70 percent revenue growth and 152 percent EBITDA
growth in 2001, due to a combination of higher volume and prices.
Margins
are forecast to expand by 1,000 bp-2,000 bp.
Operating and net margins are below the sector
averages
due to high depreciation charges. Sibneft carries its U.S. GAAP books
in
dollars, which has made depreciation expense immune to the ruble
devaluation.
As a result, Sibneft’s depreciation equals that of LUKoil and
Surgutneftegaz,
despite production being 72 percent lower.
On a cash basis, margins are traditionally
slightly below
those of industry peers, due to higher exposure to the domestic market.
This, however, should work in Sibneft’s favor this year as domestic
prices
outperform exports.
Sibneft’s financial position is very stable.
The company repaid its $150 million Eurobond
issue last
August, but subsequently had to raise $375 million in new debt
financing.
SURGUTNEFTEGAZ
Operating performance Surgutneftegaz delivered
another
year of strong operating performance in 2000. Output rose 8 percent to
812,400 bpd due to another increase in development drilling, the
introduction
of several new fields and continuing deployment of new oil recovery
methods
and technologies. Crude exports rose 13 percent year on year and
amounted
to 34.4 percent of output, up from 33 percent in 1999.
Refinery throughput at the Kirishi refinery
fell 7 percent
in 2000 to 320,000 bpd after the management decided to stop processing
third-party oil. At the same time, Surgutneftegaz deliveries to Kirishi
rose 8 percent. Due to an excellent optimization of product output, the
refinery’s light-heavy product ratio improved sharply to 68 percent-32
percent from 50 percent-50 percent in 1999. The refinery currently
operates
at 84.2 percent of capacity, among the highest levels in Russia, and
exports
approximately two-thirds of its output.
Financial performance Surgutnefetgaz’s own
forecasts for
2000 are for revenue of $5.6 billion (up 70 percent year on year),
gross
profit of $3.5 billion (up 82 percent) and pre-tax income of $3.16
billion
(up 82 percent). Although Surgut’s RAS accounts are not directly
comparable
with U.S. GAAP, we believe that Surgut is the most profitable company
in
the sector due to tight cost-control. The pre-tax margin stood at 57
percent
in 2000, up 400 basis points from 1999.
Kirishi refinery, which is not consolidated in
Surgut’s
performance, posted a 48 percent gain in revenues to $571 million. Due
to a drop in refining volumes, however, its pre-tax margin shrank 900
basis
points to 35 percent, and pre-tax income rose only 12 percent to $199
million.
TATNETFT
Operating performance Production rose 1.1 percent
in
2000 to 486,000 bpd, the first gain since 1995 and actually quite an
achievement
given the company’s poor reserve quality.
In order to capture downstream margins,
Tatneft processed
50,000 bpd at the refining unit it leases from Nizhnekamskneftekhim and
marketed the resulting products. As a result of this processing
activity,
deliveries to Nizhnekamskneftekhim (NKNH), commonly transacted at a 30
percent discount to market prices, fell to 60,000 bpd last year.
Tatneft’s gas-station network expanded from 60 to
183,
mostly in Tatarstan and the Moscow region. Jointly with LUKoil, Tatneft
also acquired a 45 percent stake in the Moscow Refinery last year, its
major domestic crude customer after NKNH.
Operating performance has also improved at
Nizhnekamshina.
Total tire production rose 4 percent and gross margins were reportedly
positive.
Oil exports rose from 32 percent of output in
1999 to
40 percent as Tatneft exported additional volumes it bought from
independent
Tatarstan producers.
Financial performance
For 2000, we expect Tatneft to report 96 percent
growth
in revenues, 88 percent EBITDA growth and 122 percent
earnings-per-share
growth. In addition to high oil prices, the improved exports ratio and
successful marketing of oil products boosted performance.
The balance sheet continued to improve due to
the company’s
ongoing debt reduction program. Total debt fell by $275 million to $620
million at year-end 2000, and the net debt/equity ratio has improved
from
0.52 percent in 1999 to 0.21 percent.
For 2001, we expect a 33 percent drop in
EBITDA on a 13
percent decline in revenues. In the absence of downstream business,
Tatneft’s
performance is inherently more sensitive to oil-price volatility. But a
moderate reduction in working capital needs, combined with higher
depreciation
expense, should still allow Tatneft to generate operating cash flow of
$617 million.
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