China to import half
of gas demand by 2020
Source: Xinhua News Agency 20-04-07 China's natural gas consumption is
to reach 100 bn cm by 2010, almost double the figure for last year and
well beyond domestic production, according to a new report.
China might produce 100 bn cm of natural gas by 2020, but consumption
will increase by 11 % to 13 % to reach 200 bn cm by that time, and
almost half would have to be imported, according to the 2007 China
Energy Development Report.
The report, published by the Social Science Publishing House of China,
says the national gas pipeline network will cover 270 cities and by
2050 about 65 % of cities will have access to gas supply.
Total national energy consumption in 2006 included 2.37 bn tons of
coal, up 9.6 % year on year; 320 mm tons of crude oil, up 7.1 %; and
55.6 bn cm of natural gas, up 19.9 %.
The government is considering energy price reform to encourage
efficient energy use by companies and the public. China reduced energy
consumption per unit of gross domestic product by 1.2 % last year, well
short of its 4 % target.
On April 1, Beijing raised the price of natural gas for domestic use by
yuan 0.15 per cm to yuan 2.05 to encourage energy efficiency.
|
Pacific oil
pipeline Extension of faces delay over supply
Source: The Moscow Times 13-04-07
Work to extend an eastward oil pipeline to the Pacific coast may not
begin until at least 2012 because of insufficient current oil reserves,
a Natural Resources Ministry official said.
The government has yet to decide when the work will begin, and the
announcement was an indication of when that construction would take
place.
The first leg of the pipeline -- designed to ship Siberian oil to
Pacific markets -- is planned to arrive at a point near the Chinese
border by the end of 2008 and will carry 30 mm tons annually. But the
government could take a break of three to four years before extending
the pipeline to the Pacific coast, said Sergei Fyodorov, director for
geology and management of natural resources at the ministry. The
extension will carry 80 mm tons annually.
"Now that there's a lag in the growth of reserves, the implementation
of the pipe's second stage... may get delayed by three to four years,"
Fyodorov told.
In Moscow, Deputy Natural Resources Minister Alexei Varlamov saidoil
companies and the government should sharply increase their exploration
efforts in eastern Siberia. Extractable oil reserves in the area stand
at 557 mm tons -- enough to produce only 25 mm tpy -- while the
government had planned for reserves to reach 703 mm tons by now, he
said.
Natural Resources Minister Yury Trutnev gave his officials two weeks to
review exploration work by oil companies that have prospecting licenses
in the area, a ministry spokesman said. The ministry will revoke
licenses if companies failed to carry out their exploration
commitments, the spokesman said.
Sergei Grigoryev, vice president of state oil pipeline monopoly
Transneft, said the government had set no definite date for the company
to start building the second stretch of the pipeline.
That will depend on the speed of oil-field exploration, he said.
|
Chinapipe West-to-East
Gas Pipeline operating well
Source: www.zoomchina.com.cn
Chinapipe 12-04-07 West-to-East Gas Pipeline projects in Suzhou,
Zhejiang and Shanghai have been successfully put into operation for
1,282 days.
It is known that projects in the regions include 626 km trunk pipeline
and 6 branch pipelines, which transport 80 % gas of the West-to-East
Gas Pipeline project.
|
China to regulate use
of natural gas
Source: People'sDailyOnline 12-04-07 The Chinese government will issue
a policy in less than two months' time to regulate the use of natural
gas and alleviate a shortage in supply.
The policy will encourage oil companies to build more natural gas
pipelines and cities to put into service more buses and taxies powered
by natural gas, sources with the National Development and Reform
Commission was quoting as saying.
But local governments will need to be persuaded that the operation of
gas-powered buses will be financially viable as the report also states
that the government will raise the price of natural gas "in the near
future" to encourage energy efficiency.
Restrictions will be imposed on the synthetic ammonia and formaldehyde
industries, which use natural gas as a raw material, in order to make
natural gas supply available to other sectors.
It also aims to help the gas-rich but economically underdeveloped
regions to develop the advanced processing industry and prevent local
governments around the country from embarkingon "excessive" natural gas
projects.
China's natural gas output rose from 27.2 bn cm in 2000 to 49.3 bn cm
in 2005, outpacing the growth in the output of any other form of energy
in the period. But the supply is still falling short of the soaring
demand.
|
East Siberia-Pacific pipeline
construction goes as scheduled
Source: Itar-Tass 11-04-07 The construction of the Eastern
Siberia-Pacific oil pipeline is proceeding according to schedule,
Transneft Vice President Igor Solyarsky said.
“Builders lay 5 km of the pipeline a day. They have already completed
the 861st km,” Solyarsky said. He believes that the first 2,700-km
section of the pipeline from Taishet to Skovorodino will be
commissioned in December 2008. The estimated capacity of the first
section is 30 mm tpy.
“Transneft has guarantees for 100 % filling of the pipeline at this
stage,” Solyarsky said.
In his words, oil for the pipeline will be supplied from the Tomsk,
Tyumen, Omsk, and Novosibirsk regions with the Irkutsk region,
Krasnoyarsk Territory, and Yakutia joining in subsequently.
“The implementation of the project will become an unprecedented event
in the world practice of pipeline construction,” the official said.
The construction of the pipeline began in April 2006. Upon completion
in the port of Kozmino, Primosrky Territory, the pipeline’s capacity
will increase to 80 mm tpy.
The approximate cost of the work is roubles 400 bn. The pipeline will
supply hydrocarbons to the Asia Pacific region. The project was
conceived in accordance with Russia’s energy strategy of up to 2020.
|
Egypt, Syria and
Turkey advance Arab gas pipeline implementation
Source: www.downstreamtoday.com 09-04-07 Egypt, Syria and Turkey have
agreed to step up the implementation of the Arab gas pipeline.
Following talks with Syrian Oil Minister Sufyan Allaw and Turkish
Minister of Energy and Natural Resources Hilmi Guler, Minister of
Petroleum Samih Fahmi said that the implementation of the third stage
of the Arab gas pipeline has been discussed. The third stage includes
extending the Arab pipeline from northern Jordan to the Syrian borders,
he said. That stage is expected to conclude in the last quarter of 2007.
Fahmi said that the meeting also took up an action plan for
implementing the next two stages of the pipeline, which would be
extended from the Syrian town of Homs to the Syrian-Turkish borders.
He added that the three countries have agreed to establish an
Egyptian-Syrian-Turkish company to implement the two stages of the
project. BBC Monitoring Middle East
|
Kazakhstan, Russia
join in oil pipeline projects
Eric Watkins Senior Correspondent LOS ANGELES, May 14 ogj.com
Kazakhstan's president Nursultan Nazarbayev said his country will join
with Russia in two pipeline projects aimed at nearly doubling the
amount of oil shipped westward from the Central Asian nation to
international markets.
"I discussed in detail with President [Vladimir] Putin the question of
increasing the capacity of the Caspian Pipeline Consortium from 23
million [tonnes/year] to 40 million tonnes/year," said Nazarbayev,
referring to the existing 1,500-km pipeline that extends from
Kazakhstan's Tengiz oil field to Russia's Black Sea port of
Novorossiysk. "The extra 17 million tonnes[/year] may go to
Burgas-Alexandroupolis pipeline," Nazarbayez said, referring to a
planned 280-km route backed and shared by Russia (51%), Greece (24.5%),
and Bulgaria (24.5%) that will carry crude from Bulgaria's Black Sea
port of Burgas to the Greek port of Alexandroupolis on the Aegean.
An agreement on the Burgas-Alexandroupolis line was signed by the three
partner countries in Athens on Mar. 15, and the Russian government
approved a draft law on May 10 that would govern the agreement to be
sent to the Russian parliament for ratification. The line will
initially carry 35 million tonnes/year, rising eventually to 50 million
tonnes/year. Under the agreement signed in Athens, Russia's
51% stake will be owned by a consortium comprised of OAO Transneft
33.4%, along with Rosneft 33.3%, and GazpromNeft 33.3%. Transneft also
will hold the operating rights of the line, which will receive oil at
Burgas carried by tankers from the Russian ports of Novorossiysk and
Tuapse as well as from the Ukrainian ports of Odessa and Pyvdenny, both
outlets for Russian oil.
The Burgas-Alexandroupolis line has been touted as an alternative to
ships traversing the busy Bosporus Straits, something that Turkey has
expressed concern over for years.
In April, however, Turkish authorities launched construction of a rival
700-km oil pipeline linking its Black Sea port of Samsun to its
Mediterranean port of Ceyhan in the south. As with the
Burgas-Alexandropolis line, the new Turkish project is being touted as
a new energy route and one that bypasses the busy Bosporus.
|
Tangguh LNG plant on
schedule; BP sets up funding
Eric Watkins Senior Correspondent LOS ANGELES, May 11 ogj.com
Indonesian state-owned banks, Bank Mandiri and Bank Negara Indonesia
(BNI), are seeking to join a new syndicate of lenders that intend to
fund the remaining construction costs for a $6.5 billion LNG plant
being built at Tangguh. BP PLC is setting up in July the new
consortium comprised of international and domestic lenders to fund the
remaining $884 million required under original financing plans for the
plant's completion.
When operational, the Tangguh plant is expected to supply 2.6 million
tonnes/year of gas over 25 years to Fujian in China, with SK Power
Korea taking 0.55 million tonnes/year over 20 years; Posco Korea 0.55
million tonnes/year over 20 years; and Sempra, San Diego, 3.7 million
tonnes/year over 20 years.
By March this year, reports said construction on the facility was 70%
complete and that startup was still expected by fourth quarter 2008, if
operator BP Indonesia received the outstanding financing (OGJ Online,
Mar. 01, 2007).
On May 8 Eddy Purwanto, Upstream Oil and Gas Executive Agency (BP
Migas) deputy chairman for marketing and finance, said invitations were
to be sent this month to Indonesian banks and that the loan
disbursement is expected in October.
BP and partners last August signed three separate facilities for some
$2.62 billion of their $3.5 billion loan requirement. The final $884
million tranche awaited what one banker called "government-level
negotiations" over the sale of Tangguh gas to China. According to
industry observers, China was linking its financial involvement in the
project to securing long-term supplies of LNG at preferential rates.
Partners in the Tangguh LNG project are BP 37.16%, CNOOC 16.96%, MI
Berau BV (a joint venture of Mitsubishi Corp. and INPEX Corp. 16.30%,
Nippon Oil Exploration (Berau) Ltd. (a JV of Nippon Oil Exploration and
JOGMEC) 12.23%, KG Berau-KG Wiriagar (a JV of Kanematsu Corp., JOGMEC,
and Mitsui & Co 10%, LNG Japan Corp. (a JV of Sumitomo Corp. and
Sojitz Corp.7.35%).
|
Norway`s liquefy natural
gas with Mega-motors
Two of the world`s largest motors are being commissioned at a gas
liquefaction plant on an island off the northern tip of Norway. The
65MW high-speed synchronous motors will be used to liquefy natural gas
brought ashore through a 143km-long pipeline from an array of
remotely-controlled production wells located on the seabed, 250-345m
below the surface of the Barents Sea.
The £5bn Snøvit (Snow White) project is the first of its type in
Europe. The liquefied gas will be shipped from the plant by a fleet of
specially built tankers to customers - mainly in the US, Spain and
France. The liquefied gas deliveries are scheduled to start late next
year.and there will be about 70 shipments a year, with each 290m-long
tanker carrying the equivalent of 870 million kWh of energy.
The massive motors and their matching converters, built by Siemens
Large Drives division, are part of the liquefaction plant located on
Melkøya island, near Hammerfest in the Arctic Circle. They will be
driving compressors built by GE Nuovo Pignone in Italy. The compressor
plant was assembled in Spain before being shipped by barge to Norway
last year. The picture above shows one of the motors during
construction.
The first 65MW compressor will pre-cool the gas before it is liquefied
by a 32MW compressor (also powered by a Siemens drive). The liquefied
gas will then pass through the second 65MW "sub-cooling" system to
produce the liquid gas at -163°C. During the compression process, the
gas will undergo a 600-fold reduction in volume. The energy-intensive
cooling process will require 1.5TWh of power to maintain production for
330 days a year. This power will be generated by five 45.8MW gas
turbines.
Traditionally, large compressors have been driven by gas or steam
turbines. But these turbines are available only in standard sizes,
while variable-speed drives can be customised to suit the application.
VSDs can also vary the throughput of the liquefaction plant to cope
with changing demand or operating conditions. The electric drives are
also easier to start up and shut down than turbines, and they are
expected to be more reliable, and easier and cheaper to maintain.
The order for the compressor drives was worth about ˆ18m to Siemens
Large Machines, which built the motors at its Special Machines site in
Berlin and assembled the frequency converters in Nuremberg. Siemens
also supplied transformers, harmonic filters and digital closed-loop
controllers for the project
|
Russia, Kazakhstan,
Turkmenistan Agree On Pipeline
(RIA Novosti, May 12)
On May 12, Russia, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan agreed
to build a gas pipeline along the Caspian coast and
will sign the deal by September 1, as stated in a
joint declaration of the three presidents. The
pipeline will run from Turkmenistan along the Caspian
coast of Kazakhstan and on to Russia.
|
Kazakhstan To
Increase Gas Production over 50% by 2010
(Interfax, May 14)
Production of natural gas in Kazakhstan is to increase by more than 50%
by 2010 to 45 billion cubic meters per year, Kazakh Energy and Natural
Resource Minister Baktykozha Izmukhambetov said on May 14. "In 2006 the
increase in production amounted to 1.9% to reach 27.5 billion cubic
meters, which is more than three times the level of gas production in
1991. It is also expected that in the mid-term forecast volumes of gas
production will increase more than 50% by 2010 to amount to about 45
billion cubic meters per year," he said.
|
Wei Zhou (WZ) 11-1
CNOOC Ltd. Announces the Startup of WZ 11-1
HONG KONG, May 18 /Xinhua-PRNewswire CNOOC Limited
CNOOC Limited (NYSE: CEO; SEHK: 883; "the Company") announced today
that it has successfully brought on stream Wei Zhou (WZ) 11-1, an
independent oilfield in the Western South China Sea. Currently the new
field has one well producing over 2,100 barrels of oil per day. WZ11-1
is located in the southwest of Weizhou Island in the Beibu Gulf, South
China Sea. The field is adjacent to the producing fields WZ11-4 and
WZ12-1, with water depth ranging from 30 to 40 meters.
There's only one producing platform in WZ11-1 oil field. Its
development and production mainly relied on the production facilities
and sub-sea pipelines of the adjacent WZ 12-1.
WZ 11-1 is expected to see 7,200 barrels of oil per day at its peak
production.
Mr. Liu Jian, Executive Vice President of the Company said, "Marginal
fields such as WZ11-1 can be commercialized by sharing facilities with
surrounding oil fields. Previously the Company already successfully
developed WZ6-1, another marginal field adjacent to WZ11-1, in the same
way."
CNOOC Ltd. holds 100% interests of WZ11-1.
|
China To Start Building
Railway To Central Asia
Sinocast, May 11
On May 11, Sinocast reported that China will build a railway starting
from Xinjiang and stretching to Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan in the next
few years to improve railway transportation between China and the west.
The railway starts at the railway station in Kashi, and runs through
Torugart on the border between China and Kyrgyzstan.
China will build the domestic sections of the railway before 2010.
|
Turkey Thrace
Basin Otto and Incremental Kick Off Program for 2007
Otto Energy Limited 5/16/2007
Otto Energy Limited (OEL) and Incremental Petroleum (IPM) on Wednesday
announced the commencement of a 125km 2D seismic program and surface
geochem survey in the Edirne License of the onshore Thrace Basin in
Turkey.
The program will specifically provide further data over the Urun
prospect (which could contain up to 10bcf GIIP or more) and initiate
wider exploration in the periphery of the license that to date has very
limited seismic coverage.
Tendering is under way for a 149 km2 3D seismic survey, due to commence
in the next few months over what is considered to be the most
prospective area of the permit including the three gas discoveries made
by the Joint Venture in 2005-06.
An extensive GORE (surface geochem) survey will help in the evaluation
of the prospects to be covered by the 3D survey. In simple terms, Gore
detects elevated gas readings in surface soil samples indicating the
possible presence of hydrocarbons gradually seeping to surface from
subsurface accumulations. In combination with seismic data it helps in
prospect ranking.
Commenting on the new exploration programs, Alex Parks CEO of Otto
Energy said:
"Our drilling results to date have demonstrated with some confidence
that the presence of gas can be predicted from the combination of
seismic amplitude and geochem anomalies. The extensive 2D & 3D
seismic and geochem programs are designed to identify and mature a
number of targets for a drilling campaign expected to commence towards
the end of this year."
|
Russian Oil
Companies Push East for New Growth
by Greg Walters VANKOR, Russia May 16, 2007
Russia is scrambling to unlock the vast oil wealth of East Siberia to
keep crude output in the world's largest oil producer from falling. But
to succeed, Russian companies will need deep pockets.
High oil prices have helped Russian oil companies post record profits
in recent quarters. Yet as output growth from Russia's main oilfields
in western Siberia begins to slow, the country's oil giants are pushing
eastward to tap new resources that sit under some of the world's most
forbidding terrain. Without new production in regions like East
Siberia, crude output in Russia, the world's second-biggest oil
exporter after Saudi Arabia, will flatten or decline, industry
observers say. Although Russia is the world's largest crude producer,
at 9.79 million barrels a day, much of its output goes to meet domestic
demand.
"It's difficult to overestimate the importance of East Siberia for our
company, for the future of Russian oil," says Mikhail Stavsky, vice
president for production of Russia's biggest oil producer,
state-controlled OAO Rosneft (ROSN.RS). "But when you fly over this
region, you see that the geography is much more difficult than where we
work today. Clearly, this is going to require a lot of money."
Oil output growth in Russia has slowed in recent years from
double-digit expansion in 2003 to just 2% last year. During the boom,
growth came from reinvigorating oil regions, primarily in West Siberia,
first developed in the Soviet era. Future growth, from new projects in
places like Russia's untamed east, will have much higher startup costs.
East Siberia lies north of Mongolia. The region is bordered by Russia's
Pacific coastal area, beyond which sits the oil-rich Sakhalin Island to
the north of Japan, where Royal Dutch Shell PLC (RDSA) and Exxon Mobil
Corp. (XOM) have large operations. Almost as large as the
continental U.S., East Siberia has few roads or powerlines.
Temperatures can plummet to -60C (-76F). A proposed oil pipeline
linking the region to East Asian markets will be longer than the
distance from New York to Los Angeles, and the cost of the project is
spiraling.
"We're working under the assumption that it's going to be two or three
times more expensive to develop fields in East Siberia than in West
Siberia," says Matt Thomas, an analyst at Morgan Stanley.
Total capital spending in East Siberia will be about $20 billion to $25
billion just through 2010, according to an estimate by Moscow's Alfa
Bank, up from about $2 billion in 2006.
Exactly how much oil can be pumped from the frozen East Siberian ground
remains uncertain, but volumes could be enormous.
East Siberia's proven crude amounts to about 7 billion barrels,
according to a recent estimate by Anglo-Russian oil company TNK-BP
Holdings (TNBP.RS), 50%-owned by BP PLC (BP). Less than 5% of the
oil-producing zones have been explored, however, meaning proven crude
could reach 75 billion barrels, according to TNK-BP. Should it
prove accurate, that would mean the region holds reserves on par with
estimates for the proven reserves of the entire country, or more than a
quarter those of Saudi Arabia. Russia's Ministry of Natural
Resources estimates the region may hold 110 billion barrels of oil,
although that figure is classified as speculative according to Russian
reserves standards, which differ from Western measures as they were
devised during the Soviet era and don't account for the cost of
production or oil's market value.
"It's possible that there are fields here like the fields of West
Siberia," says Alexander Nazarenko, chief engineer at Rosneft's
flagship East Siberian project, Vankor, "but we have to find them."
Russian officials are pushing companies to look harder.
Russia's Minister of Natural Resources Yuri Trutnev is calling for a
dramatic increase in exploratory work in East Siberia, saying if more
reserves aren't booked the region's output may peak at a mere 25
million metric tons a year, or 500,000 barrels of oil a day. Marginal
volumes are produced in the region right now and current rates of
exploration "will hardly ensure quick oil reserves replacement,"
Trutnev says.
Stavsky, Rosneft's vice president, disagrees. "Twenty-five million tons
is a very pessimistic outlook," he says.
Some observers argue that the development of East Siberia will require
foreign capital, although Russia has made it more difficult for foreign
players to gain access to significant reserves in recent years.
"There is at least a question mark over whether state companies have
the funds and the expertise" to develop the area, says Roland Nash,
head of equity research at Renaissance Capital.
Minister Trutnev recently brushed aside calls to bring foreign oil
companies into East Siberia. "We respect foreign investors, but we
respect Russian ones more," Trutnev said. "This is a question of
strategic resources."
French oil major Total SA (TOT), for example, once held an option for
52% of Vankor but lost it after Rosneft bought the company that had
sold Total the option and said it was no longer interested in
cooperating with Total on the field. Total went to an international
arbitration court in Brussels, but lost the case.
A trip to Vankor, the biggest new oil development in East Siberia
targeting 400,000 barrels a day by 2012, demonstrates the challenges.
Over 100 kilometers north of the Arctic circle, Vankor is accessible by
car only when the roads are frozen. In the summer, the oil men use
helicopters. Work stops only when temperatures plunge below -43C
(-45F). Significant commercial output is to start in 2008. The
Verkhnechonsk field, majority owned by TNK-BP, aims for 200,000 barrels
a day. Surgutneftegaz's (SNGS.RS) smaller Talakan field is expected to
peak at 140,000 barrels a day.
Still, Russian state officials question the companies' ability to pump
enough crude there to justify a planned 1.6 million-barrel-a-day
pipeline to East Asian markets.
A first stage, from Taishet in East Siberia to Skovorodino near the
Russian-Chinese border, is scheduled for completion by late 2008, with
a capacity of 600,000 barrels a day. The cost of the first stage has
ballooned from $6.6 billion to more than $11 billion. Officials
now say this stage will initially need significant amounts of West
Siberian crude, and that construction of the second stage, from
Skovorodino to Russia's Pacific Coast, won't begin until at least 2014.
The government is hoping to spur companies to develop East Siberia
through targeted regional tax holidays, an initiative welcomed by the
companies. Yet some argue that Russia's oil industry, caught between
new high-cost projects in the East and rising capital expenditures at
its older projects, needs far more broad-based tax relief.
Russian crude oil export tariffs are indexed to world oil prices,
meaning that the government siphons off 90% of additional revenues when
prices rise above $25 a barrel. In a toughly-worded analysis
drawn from examinations of dozens of individual projects, Moscow's Alfa
Bank argues that rising costs and high taxes make Russia's entire oil
sector long-term unprofitable, and says the government will inevitably
have to re-jig the tax regime to favor producers. Tax holidays in
East Siberia make it the only region in Russia where greenfield
projects make sense for the oil companies, the bank says.
Nearly all of Russia's big oil and gas companies, including Lukoil
Holdings (LKOH.RS), Surgutneftegaz, Gazprom Neft (SIBN.RS), Rosneft and
TNK-BP, have already flagged 30% to 50% capital expenditure increases
for 2007 due to rising costs on projects throughout Russia.
In early May, Surgutneftegaz's CEO Vladimir Bogdanov announced that the
company's future production in West Siberia will be flat, with all its
output growth likely to come from East Siberia. The company slashed its
output growth forecast to 0.9% for 2007 from an earlier forecast of 7%,
and increased its capital spending budget 38%. "Investors should
have the courage to face the truth: the emerging explosion in capital
expenditure is not a one-off event but the beginning of a new trend,"
writes Alfa Bank.
|
Norway`s natural gas
Mega-motors will liquefy
Two of the world`s largest motors are being commissioned at a gas
liquefaction plant on an island off the northern tip of Norway. The
65MW high-speed synchronous motors will be used to liquefy natural gas
brought ashore through a 143km-long pipeline from an array of
remotely-controlled production wells located on the seabed, 250-345m
below the surface of the Barents Sea.
The £5bn Snøvit (Snow White) project is the first of its type in
Europe. The liquefied gas will be shipped from the plant by a fleet of
specially built tankers to customers - mainly in the US, Spain and
France. The liquefied gas deliveries are scheduled to start late next
year.and there will be about 70 shipments a year, with each 290m-long
tanker carrying the equivalent of 870 million kWh of energy.
The massive motors and their matching converters, built by Siemens
Large Drives division, are part of the liquefaction plant located on
Melkøya island, near Hammerfest in the Arctic Circle. They will be
driving compressors built by GE Nuovo Pignone in Italy. The compressor
plant was assembled in Spain before being shipped by barge to Norway
last year. The picture above shows one of the motors during
construction.
The first 65MW compressor will pre-cool the gas before it is liquefied
by a 32MW compressor (also powered by a Siemens drive). The liquefied
gas will then pass through the second 65MW "sub-cooling" system to
produce the liquid gas at -163°C. During the compression process, the
gas will undergo a 600-fold reduction in volume. The energy-intensive
cooling process will require 1.5TWh of power to maintain production for
330 days a year. This power will be generated by five 45.8MW gas
turbines.
Traditionally, large compressors have been driven by gas or steam
turbines. But these turbines are available only in standard sizes,
while variable-speed drives can be customised to suit the application.
VSDs can also vary the throughput of the liquefaction plant to cope
with changing demand or operating conditions. The electric drives are
also easier to start up and shut down than turbines, and they are
expected to be more reliable, and easier and cheaper to maintain.
The order for the compressor drives was worth about ˆ18m to Siemens
Large Machines, which built the motors at its Special Machines site in
Berlin and assembled the frequency converters in Nuremberg. Siemens
also supplied transformers, harmonic filters and digital closed-loop
controllers for the project
|
Irkutsk region
Canadian company invests in gold production in the
In the early 2007 Canadian Sutcliffe Resources
(www.sutclifferesources.com) through its daughter company Baykal Gold
acquired for USD 10 million 51% share of ML, LLC, engaged in
exploitation of several gold ore deposits located in proximity with
well-known Sukhoy Log gold deposit. In the period 2007-2010 the
Canadian company plans to invest USD 12 million in supplementary
exploration of these deposits, and if C2 category reserves of gold
reach at least 20 tons, will buy out for USD 8 million the remaining
49% share in ML, LLC.
Source: Interfax, April 3, 2007
|
Projects available
in open or unlicensed areas Azerbaijan Afghanistan- Tajikistan
Uzbekistan Ukraine
Mr. Ed Pendleton Pendleton Land And Exploration
Azerbaijan
Project 1 Cluster of three fields:
New field discovery, with 69 MMBO 5 BCF proven reserves 24.5 API, from
zone at 3300 meters.
Undeveloped discovery, 151 BCF & 7 MMBO proven recoverable, 1
producers, from reservoir at 1,800 M.
Undeveloped discovery, 3 MMBO proven recoverable, 5 producers, from
reservoir at 1,650 M.
Project 2 Cluster of two producing fields for rehabilitation and five
undeveloped oil fields nearby, 100 MMBO potential reserves.
Field rehabilitation project, producing 440 BOPD, 122 oil and 40 gas
producers most of which are shut-in, 20 MMBO in proven and 60
MMBO in probable reserves. Adjacent field producing 160 BOPD from
11 wells, 4.4 MMBO & 1.8 BCF proven 40 MMBO probable reserves.
Undeveloped discovery, 6 MMBO proven recoverable, 4 oil producers from
reservoir at 3,957 M. Nearby discovery with 1 MMBO proven
recoverable.
Undeveloped discovery, 23 MMBO proven, 4 oil producers. Discovery well
tested: 219 BOPD on 9/64" choke 3,675 psi
IWHPF from 12,851-12,884' 3,066
BOPD
13,694-13,862' 628 BOPD on 13/64" choke 3,675
psi ISITP 12,886-12,894'
Undeveloped discovery, 12 MMBO proven recoverable, 2 oil producers from
reservoir at 3,270 M.
Undeveloped discovery, 3 MMBO & 2 BCF proven recoverable, 19 oil
producers from reservoir at 850 M.
Project 3 Cluster of three field rehabilitation projects surrounded by
6 new oil and gas discoveries.
Field rehabilitation, 653 MMBO in place with 128 MMBO & 73 BCF
recoverable. 1,535 wells, all shut-in and completed in zone at
3,700'.
Undeveloped discovery, 6 MMBO proven recoverable, 6 oil producers from
reservoir at 4,559 M.
Undeveloped discovery, 7 BCF proven recoverable, 6 producers from
reservoir at 1,200 M.
Undeveloped discovery, 10 BCF proven recoverable, 7 producers from
reservoir at 1,150 M.
Undeveloped discovery, 20 BCF proven recoverable, 7 producers from
reservoir at 200 M.
Undeveloped discovery, 2 MMBO proven recoverable, 1 producer from
reservoir at 350 M.
Undeveloped discovery, 10 BCF proven recoverable, 6 producers, well
tested 75 MMMCFPD from reservoir at 1,865 M.
Field rehabilitation, 1 MMBO & 57 BCF recoverable. 10 oil and 30
gas wells, all shut-in and completed in zone at 1,500 M.
Field rehabilitation project, producing 580 BOPD, 6 oil and 4 gas
producers most of which are shut-in, 6 MMBO & 29 BCF in
proven recoverable reserves.
Project 4 Offshore undeveloped gas-condensate discovery with 800 BCF
& 40 MMBC recoverable in place. 1 productive wells completed
in reservoir at 3,600 meters, testing a combined rate of 23,000
MCFPD and 3,358 BOPD, 171 meters of water.
Project 5 Cluster of six shallow oil & gas fields
Undeveloped discovery, 13 MMBO proven & 4 MMBO recoverable, 5
producers from reservoir at 409 M.
Undeveloped discovery, 11 MMBO proven & 3 MMBO recoverable, 12
producers from reservoir at 500 M.
Undeveloped discovery, 4 MMBO recoverable, 7 producers from reservoir
at 800 M.
Undeveloped discovery, 15 BCF proven recoverable, 7 producers, from
reservoir at 1,165 M.
Undeveloped discovery, 9 BCF proven recoverable, 25 producers, well
tested 95 MMMCFPD from reservoir at 749 M.
Undeveloped discovery, 12 BCF proven recoverable, 16 producers, from
zone at 1,600 M.
Project 6 Two Fields-
Four oil wells with 8 MMBO in remaining reserves 32 MMBO proven from
several zones at around 5,100m.
Six oil wells with 75 MMBO in place 30+ gravity from ZOne at 4300m,
well IP at 730 BOPD on 19/64" choke.
Afghanistan- Project #1 Cluster of five fields, very close together and
could be developed as one project capable of producing several
thousand barrels per day (in a relatively stable area).
Field 1- A total of four wells was reported to be capable of producing
at a combined rate of 5,130-5,863 bo/d. The production rate for
individual wells was on average 1,077 bo/d.
Field 2- A total of five wells are reported to be capable of producing
1,726-3,107 bo/d The production rate for individual wells
varied from 552-587 bo/d.
Field 3- A total of four wells are reported to produce 724 bo/d,
presumably on production testing.
Field 4- A total of four wells was reported to be capable of producing
at a combined rate of 1,137 bo/d from around 1,700 meters.
Field 5- A total of 3 wells was reported to be capable of producing at
a combined rate of 2,212 bo/d.
Some or all of these wells are thought to be ready for immediate
production, once a pipeline and refinery are constructed. None of
the fields have been delineated to determine the full extent of
the reserves, which could be several hundred million barrels in
reserves.
Estimated recoverable reserves are:
Proven
Proven + Probable + Possible
Field 1- 60 MMBO N/A Field 2- 3
MMBO 27 MMBO Field 3- 9
MMBO 35 MMBO Field 4- 10 MMBO 94 MMBO
Field 5- 3 MMBO N/A
Tajikistan Onshore undeveloped oil discovery with 15.69 MMBO in place.
6 productive wells completed in reservoir at 980 meters.
Uzbekistan Project #1 Onshore undeveloped gas discovery with 128 BCF in
place. 4 productive wells completed in reservoir at 3,525 meters,
testing a combined rate of 10,000 MCFPD.
Project #2 Onshore undeveloped gas discovery with 149 BCF & 3 MMBC
in place. 2 productive wells completed in reservoir at 2,000
meters, testing a combined rate of 11,750 MCFPD.
Project #3 Onshore undeveloped gas discovery with 163 BCF & .25
MMBC in place. 3 productive wells completed in reservoir at 2,000
meters, testing a combined rate of 21,750 MCFPD.
Project #4 Onshore undeveloped gas discovery with 200 BCF in place. 2
productive wells completed in reservoir at 2,678 meters.
Ukraine Project #1 Offshore (30 meters depth) undeveloped gas discovery
with 168.9 BCF & .72 MMBC in place. 5 productive wells
completed in reservoir at 700 meters, testing 4,836 MCFPD.
Project #2 Onshore undeveloped gas discovery with 95 BCF in place. 4
productive wells completed in reservoir at 1,350 meters, testing
a rate of 3,824 MCFPD, 1,777 psi IBHPSI.
Please let me know if you would like any additional information on
these situations.
Regards,
Let me know if you have a further interest.
Regards,Wil
William ("Wil") Divine, President Concessions International, Inc. 1302
Waugh Drive # 570 Houston, TX 77019-4944 Phone: 713-893-6300 Fax:
832-213-4909 Cell Phone: (713) 702-7266 E-Mail wdivine@ciglobal.com
Website : http://www.ciglobal.com Skype: wdivine
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