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      <>><<____________Volume 106:25-May-31-2006________________><<><><>><
           >><<<<_____Editor: Charlie Bartholomew, kryopak@qwest.net_____<>><<
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May-31-2006
Brazil's neighbors painting it into a corner
India gas discovery 15 mmcfd No pipeline 06
India Rajasthan sweet gas find 2003
India Rajasthan High quality gas reserves 06
India Rajasthan almost pure CH4 gas 900 psi
India 1st large onland methane discovery 06
May-31-2006
Iranian researchers develop new way of energy transfer
Jet Fuel Blend B-52 To Test Plane For New
PEMEX Petroleos Mexicanos
Thailand 1,500 Dual Fuel Systems aftermarket project
The Search for Alternative Fuels The Nobel laureate
Trinidad & Tobago well Talisman spuds 2nd
Turkey's Main source rocks

Thailand 1,500 Dual Fuel Systems aftermarket project
US Energy Initiatives Contracts for the Sale Previously Developed Isuzu 2.5 and 3.0L Common-Rail Systems Ready for Deployment TAMPA, Fla.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--May 31, 2006

US Energy Initiatives Corporation ("US Energy" or the "Company") (OTCBB:HYFS), a manufacturer of a patent dual-fuel diesel to natural gas conversion technology referred to as Hybrid Fuel Systems, today announced it has executed an agreement with Autogas (Thailand) Ltd. registered in Thailand as (Greengas NGV).

"Autogas is a six-year old Thailand-based company," said US Energy CEO Mark Clancy, "and we're excited to have such a strong partner in this critical market. We are also pleased to deliver this first significant order for our technology to our shareholders. As we gear up our enterprise to react to the OEM universe, this major aftermarket project will allow us to build-out our Thailand-based service and support capability. We anticipate we will begin deliverables against this agreement during the late third quarter, early fourth quarter and look to make a meaningful impact to our revenues in the fourth quarter of this year," concluded Mr. Clancy.

"In addition to our anticipated work with the Isuzu engines, on our behalf, US Energy is also developing a dual fuel system for Nissan 454 series, the Hino H07 series and the Mitsubishi FD series," said Autogas CEO Robin Hughes. "The potential for these three engines for our existing portfolio of clients runs to over 3,000 vehicles. Autogas is delighted to have acquired the rights to market and distribute the US Energy proven dual-fuel diesel to natural gas systems in Thailand. EPA approval on engine platforms in the USA provides us with the comfort that we will adhere to the highest levels of engineering integrity and emissions reductions on all types of engine applications," concluded Mr. Hughes.

About US Energy Initiatives Corporation (OTCBB:HYFS). US Energy, formed in 1996, delivers its patent dual-fuel diesel to natural gas conversion technology and resells a portfolio of gasoline to natural gas and propane conversion systems through both Company-owned and franchised service centers in twelve states and directly to domestic and international original equipment manufacturers. The Company's primary facility is a 12,000 square foot state-of-the-art systems development and emission testing lab in Atlanta, Georgia. The Company's current clients include General Motors (NYSE:GM), http://www.gm.com; United Parcel Service (NYSE:UPS), http://www.ups.com; US Postal Service; Dallas County School System, Portland, Oregon School System; Oklahoma Natural Gas and a host of private purchasers.

About Autogas (Thailand) Ltd. (ETS). Autogas-Thailand is recognized as an innovative project solutions company in all areas of alternative fuels including vehicle conversions, fuel dispensation, warranty and after market service. US Energy completes our matrix of opportunity.
US Energy Initiatives Corporation, Tampa
Mark Clancy, 813-287-5787
http://www.usenergyic.com
India First large onland methane discovery
Our Bureau New Delhi , May 25 2006 Jaisalmer district

Focus Energy Ltd, formerly known as Phoenix Overseas Ltd, has recorded a significant gas discovery in its onshore Rajasthan Block RJ-ON/6 in well SGL-1. This is a pre-New Exploration Licensing Policy (NELP) block, a company official said, adding that the find is on the same stratigraphic trend as the fields in Pakistan producing multi-trillion cubic feet. According to the company, this is the first major stratigraphic discovery made with excellent gas quality on the Indian side.
Focus Energy is the operator of the block of the exploration block. The company has also informed the Directorate General of Hydrocarbons (DGH) about the discovery.

This is the first large onland gas discovery, the company said. The earlier large gas discoveries have been mostly in the offshore. The cost of the transportation of the gas to the market is expected to be less in this block, it added.  Further, the company said, the discovery was made in excellent cretaceous reservoir sandstones at a depth of 3,100 m.

The well produces 15 million standard cubic feet per day (mmscf/d) of almost pure methane gas. The discovery of the gas has been confirmed through conventional open-hole drill stem test.

Focus Energy hopes that the discovery would be commercialised at the earliest. It has plans to drill deeper into the well as the deeper zones may have larger reserves upside potential than the tested discovery interval.
India Rajasthan almost pure methane gas 900 psi
New Delhi/Jaipur 24 May 2006
Thar_Desert_Discovery Large Map
Thar_Desert_Discovery tn Map
India has made a discovery of large, high quality reserves of natural gas Shahgarh sub-basin of Jaisalmer district in Rajasthan, it was announced Wednesday.  Gas was discovered in Focus Energy's exploration block, around 25 km from the Pakistan border, in the same stratigraphic area as the one producing multi-trillion cubic feet fields of Sawan and Miano.


Focus Energy, formerly known as Phoenix Overseas, struck gas in its onshore blocks RJ-ON/6 in well SGL-l, the company announced Wednesday.  The company has informed the Directorate General of Hydrocarbon (DGH) of its "significant gas discovery" and is still to get an expert certification of the size of the discovery.

Official sources, however, estimated that the gas find is large and around six trillion cubic feet.

"The discovery was made in excellent cretaceous reservoir sandstones at a depth of 3,100 meters.
The well flowed 15 mmscf/d (million standard cubic feet per day) of almost pure methane gas through a 48/64 choke. The discovery of the gas has been confirmed through conventional open hole drill stem test," the company statement said.

"Focus Energy hopes that the discovery would be commercialised at the earliest," said Ajay Kalsi, chairman of Focus Energy, which is part of the Rs.250 million turnover Phoenix group that was engaged in trading and shoe trade till venturing into oil and gas exploration in 2001.

Having struck it lucky in the fifth well drilled, the company was now planning to step up exploration activities with expectations of further gas finds in Rajasthan where British exploration company Cairn Energy has found large reserves of oil.

In Jaipur, Rajasthan's minister of mines and petroleum Laxmi Narayan Dave said it was the first time that such huge reserves of natural gas were found in the state.  "We are emboldened by the discovery of the huge and high quality gas reserves in Jaisalmer area," he said. The minister also said that the flow rate of gas had been tested with 900 P.S.I. (pressure square inch) for about an hour and there was no drop in the pressure.

He said that a few more tests were to be done to ascertain the exact amount of gas in the area.

Dave said the new gas reserves would augment power generation in the state and promote exploration and investment for the availability of Hydrocarbons in Jaisalmer basin and other areas.

In Rajasthan, over 2,900 million cubic meter gas reserves have been found by ONGC, and 9,200 million cubic meter reserves by Oil India so far.
India Rajasthan High quality gas reserves
Press Trust of India Jaipur, May 24, 2006

Focus Energy Limited has discovered high quality gas reserves in the exploratory well drilled at Shahagarh block in Jaisalmer at a depth of 3,161 metres. The gas, similar to the that found in Pakistan's Miano and Swan gas fields, is estimated to have 88 to 91 per cent hydrocarbon.

The gas discovered by Focus Energy Limited (FEL) would promote investment in exploration of hydrocarbons in Jaisalmer basin and other areas, state's Mines and Peroleum minister Laxmi Narain Dave said.

Earlier, ONGC had discovered 2,900 million cubic metres gas reserves while Oil India found 9,200 million cubic metres of gas reserves in the state so far and the ministry hoped that the available gas reserves would augment the power generation in the state, he said.
Western Rajasthan gas discovery gauged No pipeline
By OGJ editors HOUSTON, May 31

Focus Energy Ltd., formerly Phoenix Overseas Ltd., reported a gas discovery on pre-NELP Block RJ-ON/6 in westernmost Rajasthan near the border with Pakistan. The SGL-1 well, in the Shahgarh area of the Jaisalmer district, flowed 15 MMscfd of gas on a 48/64-in. choke from what the company called "excellent Cretaceous reservoir sandstones" at 3,100 m.
Gas is 88-91% hydrocarbons, similar to that produced at Miano and Sawan fields in the Indus basin in Pakistan.

The amount of producible gas is yet to be ascertained, said New Delhi-baed Focus Energy. No gas pipeline is believed to exist in the vicinity of the discovery.

The company said it will work to exploit the discovery and drill deeper formations.

Rajasthan sweet gas find October 03, 2003
State-run Oil and Natural Gas Corp will invest around $15 million in developing Chinnewala Tibba oil and gas discovery in Jaisalmer district of Rajasthan.

"We have made a significant sweet gas discovery in Chinnewala Tibba in Rajasthan, which we plan to develop in the next one and half years," ONGC chairman and managing director Subir Raha said in New Delhi.

Testing indicates presence of sweet gas with more than 7,000 Kcal per cubic meter calorific value, against usual range of 1250 to 3100 Kcal per cubic meter in other gas finds in Rajasthan.

Subsequently, good quality heavy oil has been found in the same block.

Raha said ONGC intends to continue investing in oil and gas exploration in the state. The company has demobilised a drill rig from the state to refurbish it, and will deploy two rigs soon for drilling four additional wells in the block.

"We have no intention of withdrawing from the state and are committed to bringing gas to production," he said.

ONGC director (exploration) Y B Sinha said 3D seismic survey and exploratory drilling have been accelerated in the state. "3D seismic surveys are being carried out on 100 sq km area in Chinnewala Tibba this fiscal, based on which one more rig (besides the one sent for refurbishment) will be deployed for drilling."
Trinidad & Tobago well Talisman spuds 2nd
Curtis Williams OGJ Correspondent PORT OF SPAIN, May 31

Talisman Energy Inc.'s local subsidiary has spudded a second well on the onshore Eastern Block in Trinidad and Tobago after its first well on the block failed to discover commercial hydrocarbons. The Zaboca well found some Cretaceous oil sands at 17,000 ft. Talisman had trouble controlling the well, and drilling took about 6 months instead of the anticipated 3 months.

Talisman (Trinidad) Petroleum Ltd. currently is drilling the Shadon Bennie well with a target dept of 14,000 ft. The company is operator with 65% interest in the 108,000-acre block.
Turkey's Main source rocks  (see also http://www.lngplants.com/turkey.html)
Lower Cretaceous Çaglayan Formation and Oligocene–Lower Miocene Maykop Formation

Reservoir rocks
Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Inalti Limestone, Lower Cretaceous turbiditic and shallow marine sandstones, Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene turbiditic sandstones and shallow marine limestones, Eocene turbiditic sandstones, Oligocene-Lower Miocene sandstones (Maykop Formation) and Mio-Pliocene sandstones.

Aptian-Albian
Shallow marine and turbiditic sandstones (Çaglayan Formation) were deposited on tectonicaly active fault blocks formed by the repturing of Inalti carbonate platform during the Early Cretaceous rifting and are the prominent reservoir in the Central Black Sea region. Lower Cretaceous clastic reservoirs are overlain later by transgressive marine shales.

Major provenances of these sandstones were Russian Platform and Ukranian Shield.

Both oil and gas generations continue in the present.  Maykop Formation (source rock) and the pre –rift reservoirs (Inalti Limestone and Çaglayan Formation) were juxtaposed, thus horizontal migration from Maykop Formation into the pre- rift reservoirs is expected. In addition, vertical migration from Çaglayan Formation (source rock section) and lateral migration from Maykop Formation to the reservoirs is expected via juxtaposition of reservoirs and permeable carrier beds by faults.

Initiation of oil  generation from
Initiation of gas generation from Maykop Formation  7 my ago.
Maykop Formation  4 my ago.
Çaglayan Formation  82 my  ago. Çaglayan Formation  68 my ago.

Both oil and gas generations continue in the present.
Maykop Formation (source rock) and the pre –rift reservoirs (Inalti Limestone and Çaglayan Formation) were juxtaposed, thus horizontal migration from Maykop Formation into the pre- rift reservoirs is expected. In addition, vertical migration from Çaglayan Formation (source rock section) and lateral migration from Maykop Formation to the reservoirs is expected via juxtaposition of reservoirs and permeable carrier beds by faults.

The tilted fault blocks constitute the major play in the concession. Reservoirs in the pre-rift would be sealed by a mudstone drape of Early-Mid-Eocene age and additionally by onlapping Late Eocene to Recent mudstones. Three major prospects have been mapped on the Andrusov Ridge. Each has an area of the order of several hundred square kilometers with a vertical closure of hundreds of meters. Individually, the prospects have the potential to contain several billion barrels of oil or several tcf of gas.  Some of the normal faults were reactivated and inverted by Late Eocene tectonic. Thus, inverted structures may also form traps in the area. There are also stratigraphic traps in the Oligo-Miocene and Pliocene reservoir sections. Hydrocarbon effects can be observed on seismic lines over the prospects and ALF and seabed coring survey have shown that the effects are due to seepage of wet gas.  Rize oil seep is another direct hydrocarbon indicator in the EBS basin.

The tilted fault blocks constitute the major play in the concession. Reservoirs in the pre-rift would be sealed by a mudstone drape of Early-Mid-Eocene age and additionally by onlapping Late Eocene to Recent mudstones.

Three major prospects have been mapped on the Andrusov Ridge. Each has an area of the order of several hundred square kilometers with a vertical closure of hundreds of meters. Individually, the prospects have the potential to contain several billion barrels of oil or several tcf of gas. 

Some of the normal faults were reactivated and inverted by Late Eocene tectonic. Thus, inverted structures may also form traps in the area. There are also stratigraphic traps in the Oligo-Miocene and Pliocene reservoir sections.
Hydrocarbon effects can be observed on seismic lines over the prospects and ALF and seabed coring survey have shown that the effects are due to seepage of wet gas. 
Rize oil seep is another direct hydrocarbon indicator in the EBS basin.
PEMEX Petroleos Mexicanos
May 30, 2006 By Business Editors

PEMEX is Mexico's state-owned, nationalized petroleum company. PEMEX not only fuels Mexico's automobile engines, the company also fuels the nation's economy, accounting for some one-third of the Mexican government's revenues and 7% of its export earnings.

The integrated company's operations, spread throughout Mexico, range from exploration and production to refining and petrochemicals. PEMEX's P.M.I. Comercio Internacional subsidiary manages the company's trading operations outside the country.
PEMEX has proved reserves of 16 billion barrels of oil and 14.8 trillion cu. ft. of natural gas.
Brazil's neighbors are painting it into a corner
My opinion Andrés Oppenheimer Tucson, Arizona  Published: 05.17.2006

Latin America's biggest country is in shock: Overnight, it has gone from being an undisputed regional leader to becoming a nation on the defensive, increasingly vulnerable to hostile measures by populist neighbors such as Venezuela and Bolivia.
Call it an encircled giant.
While Venezuela is increasingly upstaging Brazil on the regional scene, Bolivia's leftist President Evo Morales' recent decision to nationalize its gas industry, which supplies half of Brazil's gas consumption, has stunned Brazilians.
Brazil's state-owned Petrobras oil company invested $1.5 billion in Bolivia and was by far the largest foreign investor.  Judging from what I saw during a visit here last week, people are increasingly worried that an interruption of Bolivia's gas supplies — or the 60 percent price hikes that Bolivia demands — will hurt them badly.
Many Brazilian motorists and taxi drivers who have installed natural gas tanks in their cars in recent years to replace gasoline-fueled engines fear that their natural-gas bills will soon soar.

Former Brazilian Foreign Minister Celso Lafer told me that he hasn't seen such an outcry over a foreign policy issue "in many decades." The issue goes beyond money, he says.  "When you have Morales occupying Petrobras' installations in Bolivia with the military, single-handedly appointing a new board of directors of Petrobras and accusing Petrobras of acting illegally, you are hurting Brazil's national pride," Lafer said. "Petrobras is part of Brazil's national culture."

Brazilian media are almost unanimously blaming center-left President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva for failing to anticipate the crisis, and for being too soft on Bolivia after the measure was announced. Lula, a moderate who will need his leftist constituency to win October's presidential elections, initially endorsed Bolivia's gas nationalization.  "Lula for President . . . of Bolivia," read a headline of a column in the daily O Estado de Sao Paulo. This week's issue of Veja, Brazil's largest-circulation news magazine, carries a cover showing Lula with a painted oil-stamped shoe on his rear end, and a headline reading, "Lula went to bed as the 'big leader' of Latin America, and woke up as the fool of the court of Venezuelan (President) Hugo Chavez, who plotted the theft of Brazil's assets in Bolivia."

Conventional wisdom in Brazil is that the Bolivian decision was engineered in Cuba, with Venezuela's technical help. Morales announced his gas nationalization on May 1, hours after his return from Cuba, where he spent the weekend with Chavez and Cuban dictator Fidel Castro.
88 percent of Bolivia's population supports the gas industry's nationalization, according to an Ipsos poll.
Still, Brazilian political analysts are stunned by this country's sudden loss of clout in the region, and by the growing threats coming from its southern and northern borders. Over the past year, virtually all major regional initiatives — including plans for creation of a giant pipeline going from Venezuela to Argentina, a South American regional development bank and a NATO-styled South American defense alliance — have come from Venezuela.
"Not one single Latin American country has come out to defend Brazil in this crisis," former Brazilian ambassador to Washington Rubens Barbosa told me. "The (Brazilian) government has spent so much energy in recent years trying to make Lula a world leader, for instance making him go five times to Africa, that they've neglected our own back yard."

My conclusion
Lula is in a bind. If he takes a strong stand against Morales and Chavez, he antagonizes his own leftist constituency and risks losing the upcoming elections. If he doesn't, he comes across as a president who puts ideology ahead of his country's national interests.  My guess is that, until October, Lula will sit tight, and Brazil will continue to be eclipsed by Venezuela on the regional stage. But if he is re-elected, I would not be surprised to see Lula re-emerging as the natural leader of Latin America's responsible left.
Andres Oppenheimer is a Latin America correspondent for the Miami Herald. His e-mail is aoppenheimer@miamiherald.com.
The Search for Alternative Fuels The Nobel laureate
By Jeffrey Young Washington, D.C. 16 May 2006

The recent surge in oil prices has bolstered efforts to develop fuels that are not made from petroleum. A number of alternatives are being explored, but none are ready to make a major immediate impact.

As oil becomes increasingly expensive, alternative fuels become more competitively priced and sought after as an energy substitute. It happened in the 1970s in the wake of two major oil shocks, and it is happening today as global demand nearly outpaces available supplies.

No Silver Bullet
Today, the list of possible alternative fuels has greatly expanded beyond crop-based ethanol, which first rose to prominence in the 1970s. Last year, the United States produced nearly 9.9 billion liters of ethanol and plant construction is underway to increase yearly production by an additional 1.7 billion liters.

There are other oil substitutes. Methanol is alcohol made from non-food sources such as agricultural waste and wood. Soybeans or used cooking oil can be turned into diesel fuel. And creating liquid fuels from coal is also being re-explored.

But Richard Kolodziej at the Washington-based Natural Gas Vehicle Coalition says none of these fuel substitutes are ready to take over the critical role oil-based fuel has played for more than a century.

"There is no silver bullet answer and there won't be [one]. People talk about
hydrogen, but we don't know when and if that's ever going to be commercial [i.e., available in the marketplace]. In the meantime, we have to use what we have. We have ethanol. We have bio-diesel. We have natural gas. We have propane. We need to be pursuing all those," says Kolodziej.

Each alternative fuel has its supporters and detractors. For example, George
Olah at the University of Southern California, who won the 1994 Nobel Prize in chemistry, says he believes that one non-oil fuel has clear advantages over others.

Methanol fuel
"I am very strongly promoting not ethyl alcohol [ethanol], but its simpler cousin, called methyl alcohol or methanol. It can be made out of different sources. One is coal. It can be made out of natural gas. We can make it from carbon dioxide," says Olah.

The Nobel laureate says that unlike fossil fuels, which nature deposited in certain places and not others, carbon dioxide is everywhere on earth and can't be controlled by a cartel.

Ethanol and Biomass
But George Olah's enthusiasm for methanol isn't shared by Richard Kolodziej at the Natural Gas Vehicle Coalition.

"In the United States, we tried methanol," says Olah. "It was going to be the answer about 20 years ago. California was very aggressive in putting in methanol [fueling] stations. I believe there are no methanol stations in California anymore. And no manufacturer is making methanol [fueled] vehicles, I believe, anywhere in the world."

Kolodziej says methanol was found to be highly corrosive to engines and fuel systems, and says that has to be corrected before methanol can be a viable oil alternative.

Harvesting corn to make alternative fuel
Methanol's "cousin," ethanol, is highly popular in agricultural areas such as the U.S. midwest because it increases demand for crops that are the mainstay of farm incomes. But ethanol's detractors say making it consumes almost as much energy as what ethanol can provide as a fuel. Detractors also point to the vast area needed to grow the corn or grain, and say these crops have more value as food.

Because of the drawbacks in producing crop-based ethanol, some researchers are looking into making fuel out of agricultural waste and other non-food materials - - often called "biomass." John Felmy at the American Petroleum Institute in Washington says the process is promising but not yet fully developed.

"Celluostic ethanol, in a sense, presents kind of a holy grail for the [energy] industry. What you do is take biomass, woody crops, waste [and] things like that, and apply a series of processes that converts it into sugars, and, ultimately, an alcohol that can be used for fuel," says Felmy.

Biomass proponent
John Deutch, a chemist at the Massachusetts Institute of  Technology, says making ethanol from biomass takes much less energy than it does using food crops. He says that biomass production could create the equivalent of 160-to-320 million liters of oil per day in the next few decades. The United States, however, consumes about 3.2 billion liters of oil a day, so Deutch says biomass fuels won't replace oil in the near future.

Liquidized Coal
Vast American coal reserves might be used as an oil-alternative fuel
Making liquid fuels from coal is another alternative to oil. Germany did it during World War Two after it was cut off from Romanian and other oil fields. South Africa has pursued coal conversion since the 1980s. The process could be especially attractive to the United States because it has vast reserves of coal, including high-sulfur coal that is too environmentally "dirty" to burn in electric power plants.

While the conversion process is already known, Semih Eser at Pennsylvania State University's Energy Institute says don't look for coal fuels at filling stations anytime soon.
"I would say [it will take] 10 to 15 years, really, to get the plants in place and running. Based on the current technology and the cost estimates, I would think that a break-even point for coal conversion to liquid fuels would be viable at an oil price at about 85 dollars a barrel," says Eser.

And price equivalency
According to industry analysts, this is how the alternative fuels industry is going to make an impact. When oil costs soared in the 1970s, serious efforts to create alternative fuels got underway. Then in the 1980s, a sharp drop in oil prices curbed those efforts. Conventional gasoline and diesel fuels were too cheap compared to alternatives.

But once again, crude oil is approaching record highs and many analysts say that continued strong demand may cause prices to fall only marginally, if at all. Because of that, they say, the effort to develop and sustain an alternative fuels industry may now be economically viable
B-52 To Test Plane For New Jet Fuel Blend    
Monday, May 15, 2006

Soaring gas prices are not just a headache for regular Americans. The U.S. Military is also feeling the pinch.       The Air Force consumed more than 3-billion gallons of aviation fuel last year at a cost of 4.5 billion dollars. That's more than half the fuel used by the government.
According to a report in Sunday's New York Times, that's led to plans to test a new source of fuel on the very planes based at Barksdale Air Force Base,  the B-52's.
According to the Defense Science Board, B-52's burn 3,334 gallons of jet fuel per hour.

The Air Force has so far rejected proposals over the past decade to replace the plane's eight engines with four new, fuel-efficient jets despite a projected savings of nine billion dollars and the elimination of aerial re-fueling during missions from Diego Garcia to Afghanistan.
Instead, according to the New York Times, the Air Force will try a new kind of fuel in tests involving the B-52. It combines regular oil-based jet fuel with a synthetic liquid made first from natural gas and, eventually, from coal, which is plentiful and cheaper.

Later this summer, a B-52 will take off from Edwards Air Force Base in the Mojave Desert with two of the bomber's eight engines burning the test fuel.
Fuel costs have doubled since the attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, and crude oil prices since Hurricane Katrina have remained above $60-a-barrel.

Air Force and industry officials say every increase of $10-per-barrel drives up Air Force fuel costs by $600M dollars per year. They say oil prices above $40 to $45-per-barrel make a blend with synthetic fuels a cost-effective alternative.
If the synthetic blend works, plans call for increasing its use in Air Force planes to 100 million gallons in the next two years. That $9B dollars a year in savings with the new engines was calculated when fuel was half the price it is today. But, two well-placed sources inside Barksdale tell News 12 that the main battle is the one-time cost of converting to those new engines, estimated at $4B dollars.
However, The Pentagon released plans earlier this year trying to cut the B-52 fleet by 40%.
Iranian researchers develop new way of energy transfer
TEHRAN, Apr. 29 MNA

Get natural gas to interact with zinc oxide and you will receive zinc in form of metal plus synthetic liquid gas at the other end to export. This creative way of transferring energy required 15 years of research by two researchers at Amir Kabir University of Technology in Iran.
Esmaeil Jamshidi, chemistry instructor, and Habib A’le Ebrahim, a member of scientific board, noted that the resulted zinc metal may release plenty of energy once interacted with water. The released hydrogen, unlike CO2 and SO2 which create greenhouse effect and other hazardous environmental impacts, could be used as a source of energy as well.

Moreover, the zinc can be used in furnaces producing intense heat for production of various industrial products while the oxide could go through direct reduction and be re-exported again, the researchers told the Persian service of ISNA on Saturday.

The process is an innovative way of exporting energy without directly tapping into our precious natural gas resources, Jamshidi stated, adding that their method opens up the door to sound investment in energy field.
It is noteworthy to mention that zinc is exportable under atmospheric pressure and temperature and one cubic meter of the metal may release 2,500 cubic meters of hydrogen for clean energy.